Description:
This article delves into the fashion trend of wearing white wigs in the 1700s. It explores the historical context, social significance, and reasons behind the popularity of white wigs during this time period. The article also examines the various types of wigs worn by different social classes and how this influenced the overall look and style of the wig. Additionally, the article looks at the materials used to make wigs and the techniques used to create and maintain them. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion on how the fashion of wearing white wigs eventually evolved and changed over time.
In the 1700s, wigs were all the rage, and everyone from aristocrats to commoners donned them. But why did everyone wear white wigs? Was it just a fashion statement or was there a deeper meaning behind it? In this article, we will explore the fascinating history of wigs in the 1700s and uncover the reasons behind the popularity of white wigs. So, buckle up and get ready to take a trip back in time to the era of powdered wigs, elaborate hairstyles, and fashionable extravagance.
Historical Context of Wigs in the 1700s
The Emergence of Wigs as a Fashion Statement
Wigs first emerged as a fashion statement in the 1700s as a way for men to express their social status and personal style. During this time, wigs were often made from human hair and were typically worn by men who had lost their own hair due to illness or injury. However, as wig-making techniques improved, they became more affordable and accessible to the general population.
One of the main reasons for the popularity of wigs in the 1700s was the desire to create a more polished and professional appearance. At the time, hair was often unkempt and unkept, and wigs provided a way for men to present themselves as clean-cut and well-groomed. Wigs also allowed men to experiment with different hairstyles and colors, which was not possible with their own natural hair.
Another factor that contributed to the popularity of wigs was the influence of the French court. French nobility had been wearing wigs for centuries, and the fashion quickly spread to other parts of Europe. In the 1700s, wigs became a symbol of fashionable society, and many men wanted to emulate the look of the French aristocracy.
Despite the widespread adoption of wigs, there were still some who resisted the trend. Some religious leaders and Puritans saw wigs as a sign of vanity and a deviation from traditional values. However, these objections did little to slow the spread of wig-wearing, which continued to be a popular fashion statement throughout the 1700s.
Social and Political Influences on Wig Fashion
During the 1700s, wigs were an essential aspect of fashion for both men and women. The wig fashion was heavily influenced by social and political factors of the time. The French Revolution played a significant role in shaping the wig fashion trend, as it led to the fall of the French monarchy and the rise of a new social order.
The French Revolution brought about a significant change in the social hierarchy, and the wig fashion was one of the ways in which people expressed their newfound social status. The wig fashion was a symbol of the aristocracy, and during the French Revolution, many people wanted to distance themselves from this symbol of the old regime.
In addition to the political and social factors, the wig fashion was also influenced by the medical profession. The wig was used to cover up hair loss caused by medical conditions such as syphilis, which was a common disease at the time. The wig became a symbol of status and wealth, and those who could afford to wear expensive wigs made of real hair were seen as successful and wealthy.
Overall, the wig fashion in the 1700s was heavily influenced by social and political factors, and it was a way for people to express their newfound social status and wealth.
The Role of Wigs in the Evolution of Fashion
In the 1700s, wigs played a significant role in the evolution of fashion. The use of wigs as a fashion statement can be traced back to ancient civilizations, but it was during the 1700s that wigs became a popular fashion accessory for men and women in Europe. The role of wigs in the evolution of fashion can be understood by examining their function, their influence on social class, and their relationship to hairstyles of the time.
Function
Wigs served a practical purpose in the 1700s. They were worn to cover up baldness or thinning hair, which was a common problem due to the use of powdered wigs and the harsh treatment of hair during this period. Wigs were also worn as a sign of respect and to indicate social status. For example, judges and other high-ranking officials were required to wear wigs as a symbol of their authority.
Influence on Social Class
Wigs were a symbol of social class and wealth in the 1700s. The more elaborate and expensive the wig, the higher the social status of the wearer. Wigs were often made of real human hair, which was expensive to obtain, and the more hair used in the wig, the more expensive it was. The cost of the wig also depended on the style and the amount of work that went into creating it. The more intricate the wig, the more expensive it was. Wigs were a way for people to show off their wealth and social status, and they were often worn to formal events and special occasions.
Relationship to Hairstyles of the Time
Wigs were also influenced by the hairstyles of the time. In the 1700s, men and women wore their hair in styles that were elaborate and ornate. Wigs were often designed to replicate these styles, and they were worn to create a more dramatic effect. For example, men often wore their wigs in a long, flowing style that was known as a “peruke.” Women, on the other hand, often wore their wigs in a more elaborate style, with curls and waves that were designed to frame the face.
Overall, the role of wigs in the evolution of fashion in the 1700s was significant. They served a practical purpose, indicated social status, and were influenced by the hairstyles of the time. Wigs were a way for people to express their individuality and to show off their wealth and social status.
Different Types of Wigs and Their Significance
The Distinctive Styles of Wigs for Different Social Classes
In the 1700s, wigs were a crucial aspect of fashion and identity for individuals of various social classes. The style and design of wigs served as a visual representation of one’s social standing and financial resources. Here are some of the distinctive styles of wigs for different social classes during this period:
Wigs for the Upper Class
The upper class, including nobility and wealthy merchants, sported wigs that were elaborately styled and adorned with ornate decorations. These wigs were typically made from high-quality hair, such as human hair or horsehair, and were often powdered to create a distinctive white color. The wigs for the upper class were often curled and frizzed to create a flamboyant and luxurious appearance. They were also decorated with ribbons, bows, and other embellishments, which further emphasized their status and wealth.
Wigs for the Middle Class
The middle class, including professionals and tradespeople, wore wigs that were less elaborate than those of the upper class. These wigs were usually made from cheaper materials, such as wool or synthetic fibers, and were less likely to be powdered. The style of wigs for the middle class was more conservative and functional, with a focus on practicality and simplicity. They were often worn in a more natural, unfashioned style, without any additional decorations or ornaments.
Wigs for the Lower Class
The lower class, including laborers and servants, wore wigs that were the simplest and most basic of all. These wigs were typically made from cheap materials, such as straw or flax, and were not powdered. They were often worn in a practical, no-nonsense style, with little attention paid to fashion or appearance. The wigs for the lower class were more utilitarian in nature, designed to keep the head warm and protected from the elements rather than as a fashion statement.
In conclusion, the distinctive styles of wigs for different social classes in the 1700s served as a visual representation of one’s social standing and financial resources. The more elaborate and decorated the wig, the higher the social class of the wearer. The wigs for the upper class were ornate and luxurious, while those for the middle class were more conservative and functional, and those for the lower class were basic and utilitarian.
The Impact of Wig Styles on Overall Fashion Trends
The wig styles of the 1700s had a significant impact on overall fashion trends. As wigs became more popular, people began to experiment with different styles, which influenced the way they dressed. For example, wigs with long, flowing locks were often paired with elaborate costumes and decorative accessories, while shorter, more practical wigs were worn with simpler, more functional clothing.
In addition to affecting the way people dressed, wig styles also influenced the way they behaved. For instance, men who wore powdered wigs were often seen as more refined and sophisticated, while those who went without were viewed as more rugged and outdoorsy. Similarly, women who wore ornate wigs and hairpieces were often seen as more fashionable and wealthy, while those who did not were seen as less affluent.
Overall, the impact of wig styles on overall fashion trends cannot be overstated. From the way people dressed to the way they behaved, wigs played a significant role in shaping the fashion and culture of the 1700s.
Materials and Techniques Used to Make Wigs
The Use of Different Materials in Wig Making
In the 1700s, wig making was a complex process that required skilled craftsmen and a variety of materials. The materials used in wig making were diverse and included human hair, horsehair, wool, flax, and even feathers.
Human hair was the most sought-after material for wig making during this period. It was considered the finest material and was often imported from Europe, particularly from France and Italy. The hair was collected from barbershops and salons, where it was shaved from the heads of customers. The hair was then cleaned, sorted, and prepared for use in wig making.
Horsehair was another popular material used in wig making. It was prized for its strength and durability, and was often used as a base for wigs. Horsehair was obtained from the manes and tails of horses, which were carefully collected and cleaned before being used in wig making.
Wool was also used in wig making, particularly for the cap or foundation of the wig. Wool was soft and flexible, making it ideal for creating a comfortable fit. It was often blended with other materials, such as flax or horsehair, to create a more natural look.
Flax was another material used in wig making. It was soft and fine, and was often used to create the curls and waves of the wig. Flax was also blended with other materials, such as wool or horsehair, to create a more natural look.
Feathers were also used in wig making, particularly for the more elaborate and decorative wigs. Feathers were attached to the wig to create a more dramatic look, and were often used in court and theater wigs.
Overall, the use of different materials in wig making was a crucial aspect of the process. The choice of material depended on the desired look and style of the wig, as well as the availability and cost of the material. Skilled wig makers were able to blend and combine different materials to create a wide range of styles and looks, making wigs a crucial part of fashion and society in the 1700s.
The Art of Creating and Maintaining Wigs
During the 1700s, wigs were an essential fashion accessory for men and women alike. These elaborate hairstyles were often made from natural human hair, which was carefully curled, twisted, and shaped into various styles. Here’s a closer look at the art of creating and maintaining wigs in the 1700s.
- Gathering Hair: The first step in creating a wig was to gather the hair. This could be done by cutting the hair from the head of a donor, typically a peasant or criminal who had been executed. The hair was then cleaned, combed, and sorted by quality.
- Curing the Hair: Once the hair had been gathered, it was curled using a special curling iron called a “curling tong.” The hair was then twisted into ropes and left to dry. This process, known as “curing,” helped to set the hair into the desired shape.
- Styling the Wig: After the hair had been cured, it was ready to be styled into a specific wig style. This involved arranging the hair into different shapes and then securing it to a base made of horsehair or a similar material. The wig was then dressed with powder, pomade, or other styling products to achieve the desired look.
- Maintaining the Wig: To keep the wig in good condition, it needed to be cleaned and maintained regularly. This involved washing the wig with soap and water, brushing it gently to remove any tangles, and using special oils or lotions to keep the hair shiny and healthy. Wigs were also often powdered or dusted with flour to keep them looking fresh and clean.
Overall, the art of creating and maintaining wigs in the 1700s was a complex and time-consuming process that required great skill and attention to detail. However, the end result was a beautiful and elaborate hairstyle that could be worn to formal events or everyday occasions.
The Evolution of Wig Fashion Over Time
How the Fashion of Wigs Changed Throughout the 1700s
The fashion of wigs underwent significant changes throughout the 1700s, with various styles and trends emerging and evolving over time. Here are some key aspects of the evolution of wig fashion during this period:
- 1700-1710: Perukes
Perukes, a style popularized during the late 1600s, continued to be fashionable in the early 1700s. Perukes were wigs made from natural hair that were styled to cover the entire head, often with a center part and long, flowing locks. Perukes were typically worn by men of high social status and were considered a symbol of wealth and fashionability. - 1710-1730: French Wigs
French wigs, characterized by a short, curled style at the front and longer hair at the back, became popular in the 1710s. These wigs were often powdered to give them a white, powdery appearance and were worn by both men and women. The use of powder was considered essential to achieve the desired look, and it was not uncommon for people to spend hours powdering their wigs before going out. - 1730-1750: Mixed Wigs
Mixed wigs, which combined natural and artificial hair, gained popularity in the 1730s. These wigs were often styled to create a more natural appearance, with a graduated cut that mimicked the growth pattern of natural hair. Mixed wigs were worn by both men and women and were often powdered to achieve a white, powdery appearance. - 1750-1770: Curl-Papers
Curl-papers, a type of wig that used tightly wound curls to create a more voluminous look, became fashionable in the mid-1700s. These wigs were often worn by men and women of high social status and were styled to create a more dramatic, elaborate appearance. Curl-papers were typically powdered to achieve a white, powdery appearance and were often accessorized with ribbons, lace, and other decorative elements. - 1770-1790: French Hair-Styles
French hair-styles, characterized by a more natural, wavy look, gained popularity in the late 1700s. These wigs were often styled to mimic the natural growth pattern of hair and were worn by both men and women. French hair-styles were typically worn in a shorter length and were not powdered, leading to a more natural, less elaborate appearance.
Overall, the fashion of wigs changed significantly throughout the 1700s, with various styles and trends emerging and evolving over time. From perukes to French wigs, mixed wigs, curl-papers, and French hair-styles, the wig fashion of the 1700s was characterized by a range of styles that reflected the changing tastes and preferences of the time.
The Decline of Wig Fashion and Its Eventual Disappearance
The decline of wig fashion and its eventual disappearance was a gradual process that occurred over several decades. As the 18th century progressed, the popularity of wigs began to wane, and by the end of the century, they had largely fallen out of fashion. There were several factors that contributed to this decline, including changes in hairstyles, the rise of the French Revolution, and the increasing availability of cheaper alternatives.
Changes in Hairstyles
One of the main factors that contributed to the decline of wig fashion was the changing hairstyles of the time. During the mid-18th century, men’s hairstyles began to evolve away from the elaborate wigs of the previous decades. Instead, men started to wear their hair in shorter, more natural styles, which made the wearing of wigs less practical. This shift in fashion made wigs less desirable, and as a result, their popularity began to decline.
The Rise of the French Revolution
Another factor that contributed to the decline of wig fashion was the French Revolution. The revolution, which began in 1789, led to a shift in political and social attitudes, and many people began to reject the traditional fashions of the aristocracy. The wig, which had long been associated with the wealthy and powerful, became a symbol of the old regime, and as a result, its popularity began to decline.
Increasing Availability of Cheaper Alternatives
Finally, the increasing availability of cheaper alternatives to wigs also contributed to their decline. As the 18th century progressed, hair powder became less expensive, and other hairpieces, such as the top hat, became more popular. These alternatives were often less expensive than wigs and were easier to maintain, making them more appealing to many men. As a result, the wig gradually fell out of fashion, and by the end of the 18th century, it was largely abandoned.
Overall, the decline of wig fashion and its eventual disappearance was a complex process that was influenced by a variety of factors. Changes in hairstyles, the rise of the French Revolution, and the increasing availability of cheaper alternatives all played a role in the decline of this once-popular fashion accessory.
FAQs
1. What was the purpose of wearing white wigs in the 1700s?
The purpose of wearing white wigs in the 1700s was to signify status and wealth. White wigs were made from the hair of perukes, which were wigs made from real human hair. The hair used to make these wigs was often sourced from people who had recently died, and as such, it was considered a luxury item. Wearing a white wig was a way for people to show off their wealth and status, as only those who could afford to buy these wigs could wear them.
2. Who wore white wigs in the 1700s?
White wigs were worn by both men and women in the 1700s. Men typically wore their hair short and powdered, while women often wore their hair in elaborate styles and often wore wigs as well. White wigs were a popular fashion choice for both men and women, and were often worn in court, at formal events, and in portraits.
3. Why were white wigs considered a symbol of respectability in the 1700s?
White wigs were considered a symbol of respectability in the 1700s because they were often associated with the upper classes. Wearing a white wig was a way for people to show that they were part of the aristocracy or the gentry, and as such, they were expected to behave in a respectable manner. The wig also symbolized a person’s legal or political profession, and wearing one was a way to show that the wearer was a man of authority and status.
4. What was the process of making a white wig in the 1700s?
The process of making a white wig in the 1700s was a labor-intensive process that involved collecting hair from perukes, cleaning and processing the hair, and then creating the wig using a variety of techniques. The hair was often washed and bleached to achieve the desired white color, and then it was arranged on a wig form to create the desired style. The wig was then secured to the wearer’s head using a ribbon or a net.
5. How long did white wigs last in fashion?
White wigs remained in fashion throughout the 1700s and into the early 1800s. However, as hairstyles began to change and the fashion for wearing powdered wigs declined, white wigs gradually fell out of favor. By the mid-1800s, they had largely disappeared from fashion, replaced by more natural hairstyles and the occasional use of false hairpieces.