Are you curious about the intricate world of US conventions? From political gatherings to industry conferences, these events play a crucial role in shaping the future of the United States. But what exactly are US conventions, and why do they matter? In this comprehensive guide, we’ll unpack the mysteries of US conventions, exploring their history, purpose, and impact on American society. Whether you’re a political junkie or simply curious about the inner workings of our democracy, this guide has something for everyone. So sit back, relax, and let’s dive into the fascinating world of US conventions!
Understanding US Conventions: What They Are and Why They Matter
Definition of US Conventions
US Conventions refer to the established norms, rules, and customs that govern the behavior of individuals and groups within the United States. These conventions can be formal or informal, and they encompass a wide range of topics, from social etiquette to political discourse.
Formal vs. Informal Conventions
Formal conventions are rules and customs that are explicitly stated and enforced by a governing authority, such as laws, regulations, and policies. Examples of formal conventions include the rules of the road, business regulations, and constitutional provisions.
Informal conventions, on the other hand, are unwritten rules and customs that emerge from social interactions and shared expectations. Examples of informal conventions include common courtesies, social norms, and cultural practices.
Types of US Conventions
There are many different types of US Conventions, each with its own set of rules and customs. Some of the most common types of US Conventions include:
- Social Conventions: These are the unwritten rules and customs that govern social interactions, such as table manners, dress codes, and etiquette.
- Political Conventions: These are formal or informal gatherings of political parties or interest groups, held to nominate candidates, adopt platforms, or conduct other business.
- Professional Conventions: These are meetings or events organized by professional organizations or associations, such as conferences, trade shows, and workshops.
- Cultural Conventions: These are the customs and practices that are unique to a particular culture or region, such as language, food, and music.
Overall, understanding the definition and types of US Conventions is essential for navigating social, political, and professional interactions in the United States.
Importance of US Conventions
US conventions play a crucial role in shaping the political landscape and governing system of the United States. These conventions, often referred to as political conventions, are formal gatherings of political parties, where they discuss and determine their platforms, policies, and candidates for public office. The importance of these conventions can be seen in several aspects:
Influence on Politics and Governance
US conventions have a significant impact on the political landscape of the country. They provide a platform for political parties to present their policies, agendas, and candidates to the public. These conventions often set the tone for the upcoming elections and help shape the political discourse. They also play a crucial role in determining the direction of the party and the nation.
Furthermore, the conventions are an opportunity for the parties to showcase their strengths, address their weaknesses, and unite their members behind a common goal. This unity is essential for the parties to succeed in the elections and form a government. The conventions also provide a platform for the candidates to present their vision for the country and connect with the voters.
Impact on Social Norms and Behavior
US conventions have a broader impact on society than just politics. They influence social norms and behavior by setting the tone for public discourse and shaping the public’s perception of political issues. The conventions provide a platform for political leaders to discuss important issues such as healthcare, education, immigration, and economic policy. These discussions often shape public opinion and set the agenda for the nation.
Additionally, the conventions serve as a forum for the public to engage with political leaders and express their opinions. This interaction helps to create a sense of civic engagement and participation in the democratic process. The conventions also provide an opportunity for the public to learn about the political system and the role of political parties in shaping the nation’s future.
In conclusion, US conventions are essential for the functioning of the political system in the United States. They shape the political landscape, influence social norms and behavior, and provide a platform for political leaders to connect with the public. These conventions are an integral part of the democratic process and play a crucial role in shaping the nation’s future.
US Convention History: Evolution and Milestones
Colonial Period Conventions
New England Confederation
The New England Confederation was a political organization established in 1643 by the colonies of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The confederation aimed to create a unified front against Native American attacks and to coordinate trade policies among the colonies. However, the confederation lacked a central authority and ultimately dissolved in 1689.
Annapolis Convention
The Annapolis Convention was called in 1786 by the Maryland legislature to address commercial issues between the states. Although only four states sent delegates, the convention discussed topics such as standardizing weights and measures, improving navigation, and promoting commerce. However, the convention failed to achieve any significant agreements or resolutions.
Stamp Act Congress
The Stamp Act Congress was held in 1765 in response to the British Parliament’s passage of the Stamp Act, which imposed a tax on American colonies. Delegates from nine colonies attended the congress, which aimed to coordinate opposition to the tax. The congress passed a declaration of rights and sent a petition to King George III, but the Stamp Act remained in effect until it was repealed in 1766.
Early National Period Conventions
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention was a pivotal event in US history, held in Philadelphia in 1787. Its purpose was to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and to establish a new form of government. The convention was attended by 55 delegates, including George Washington, James Madison, and Benjamin Franklin. Over the course of four months, the delegates debated and negotiated the drafting of the US Constitution.
Virginia and New York Ratifying Conventions
After the Constitution was drafted, it needed to be ratified by the states. The Virginia and New York ratifying conventions were two of the most significant state-level events in the process. In Virginia, Patrick Henry and James Madison led the debate, with Madison ultimately winning the vote. In New York, the convention was marked by intense disagreement, with some members advocating for a bill of rights before ratification.
Hartford Convention
The Hartford Convention was a gathering of Federalist politicians from New England in 1814. The convention was called in response to the perceived economic and political threats posed by the War of 1812 and the expansion of slavery into new territories. Attendees included prominent figures such as Timothy Pickering and Oliver Ellsworth. The convention ultimately issued a series of resolutions that expressed opposition to the war and the expansion of slavery, but it did not directly influence national policy.
Civil War Era Conventions
Wartime Conventions
During the Civil War, conventions played a crucial role in shaping the country’s political landscape. One of the most significant wartime conventions was the 1860 Republican National Convention, which was held in Chicago, Illinois. This convention was significant because it was the first time that a political party had adopted a platform that opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories. The convention ultimately nominated Abraham Lincoln as the party’s candidate for president, and he went on to win the election.
Another important wartime convention was the 1864 Democratic National Convention, which was held in Chicago, Illinois. This convention was significant because it was the first time that a major political party had officially endorsed the idea of compensated emancipation, or the idea that slave owners should be compensated for the loss of their slaves. The convention ultimately nominated President Abraham Lincoln’s opponent, General George B. McClellan, as the party’s candidate for president.
Reconstruction Conventions
After the Civil War, conventions played a crucial role in shaping the country’s Reconstruction efforts. One of the most significant Reconstruction conventions was the 1867 Constitutional Convention of the State of Tennessee, which was held in Nashville, Tennessee. This convention was significant because it was the first time that a southern state had adopted a new constitution after the Civil War. The convention established a new government in Tennessee, which included a biracial legislature and a constitution that guaranteed civil rights for freed slaves.
Another important Reconstruction convention was the 1868 Republican National Convention, which was held in Chicago, Illinois. This convention was significant because it was the first time that a political party had adopted a platform that called for the full restoration of civil rights for freed slaves. The convention ultimately nominated President Andrew Johnson’s opponent, General Ulysses S. Grant, as the party’s candidate for president.
20th Century Conventions
Progressive Era Conventions
The Progressive Era, spanning from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, saw a significant number of conventions aimed at addressing social and political issues. One of the most notable conventions of this era was the 1901 convention in Indianapolis, which focused on the need for government regulation of food and drugs. Another convention in 1912, held in Milwaukee, aimed to improve working conditions for women and children.
Civil Rights Era Conventions
The Civil Rights Era, from the 1950s to the 1960s, saw a surge in conventions aimed at addressing racial inequality and discrimination. One of the most significant conventions of this era was the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which brought together over 250,000 people to demand civil rights legislation and an end to racial segregation.
In addition to large-scale events, smaller conventions were also held during this time to address specific issues, such as voting rights and desegregation. For example, the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City included a strong civil rights plank in its platform, which called for federal legislation to ensure equal voting rights and an end to discrimination in housing and employment.
Contemporary Conventions
Contemporary conventions continue to play a significant role in shaping American politics and policy. One notable example is the 2016 Democratic National Convention, which was held in Philadelphia and featured a historic nomination of Hillary Clinton as the first female presidential candidate of a major party. The convention also addressed issues such as income inequality, climate change, and access to healthcare.
In recent years, conventions have also taken on a more digital aspect, with virtual events and online participation becoming increasingly common. This has allowed for greater accessibility and participation in the political process, but also raises concerns about the potential for misinformation and disinformation to spread during these events.
Overall, conventions have played a critical role in shaping American politics and policy throughout the 20th century and continue to do so in the present day. Whether addressing issues of social justice, civil rights, or contemporary policy challenges, conventions provide a platform for dialogue, debate, and the development of new ideas and solutions.
Key Elements of US Conventions
Agenda Setting
Determining Convention Topics
The process of determining convention topics is crucial to the success of a US convention. It involves identifying the issues that are most relevant to the convention’s theme and purpose. This can be done through research, surveys, and discussions with stakeholders. The topics should be broad enough to cover a range of perspectives but specific enough to allow for meaningful discussion and action.
Setting Convention Goals and Objectives
Once the convention topics have been determined, the next step is to set goals and objectives for the convention. These goals and objectives should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) and should align with the convention’s theme and purpose. They should also be communicated clearly to all stakeholders to ensure that everyone is working towards the same objectives.
Selecting Delegates and Speakers
Selecting the right delegates and speakers is critical to the success of a US convention. Delegates should be selected based on their expertise, experience, and ability to contribute to the convention’s goals and objectives. Speakers should be chosen for their ability to engage and inform the audience, as well as their relevance to the convention’s topics. The selection process should be transparent and fair to ensure that everyone has an equal opportunity to participate.
Rules and Procedures
Robert’s Rules of Order
Robert’s Rules of Order is a widely-used manual for conducting meetings and making decisions in a democratic manner. The rules are designed to ensure that all members have an equal opportunity to participate in the decision-making process and that the meetings are conducted in an orderly and efficient manner. The rules cover topics such as the election of officers, the preparation of an agenda, the right to make motions, and the procedures for voting and counting votes.
Parliamentary Procedure
Parliamentary procedure is a set of rules and principles that govern the conduct of meetings in a parliamentary-style system. The procedure is designed to ensure that the meetings are conducted in a fair and impartial manner, and that all members have an equal opportunity to participate in the decision-making process. The procedure covers topics such as the rights and responsibilities of members, the use of motions and amendments, and the procedures for voting and counting votes.
Voting Procedures
Voting procedures are an essential part of the decision-making process in a convention. The procedures ensure that all members have an equal opportunity to participate in the decision-making process and that the votes are conducted in a fair and impartial manner. The procedures cover topics such as the types of votes, the rules for casting and counting votes, and the use of proxy votes. The procedures also cover the rules for challenging and appealing the results of a vote.
Deliberation and Decision-Making
Discussion and Debate
During US conventions, the most critical aspect is the open and free discussion and debate on various issues. Delegates are given the opportunity to express their opinions, raise concerns, and put forth suggestions on the proposed resolutions. The discussions are often vigorous, with participants drawing from their experiences and expertise to make their points.
The debate can take different forms, from formal speeches to informal exchanges among delegates. It is not uncommon for different factions or interest groups to present their arguments, creating a dynamic and sometimes contentious atmosphere. The goal of this process is to ensure that all perspectives are considered, and the final resolution reflects the diversity of opinions within the convention.
Consensus Building
A crucial part of the deliberation process is building consensus among the delegates. This involves finding common ground and compromising on various issues to reach an agreement that is acceptable to all parties involved. Consensus building requires effective communication, active listening, and a willingness to accommodate different viewpoints.
Consensus is often reached through a process of negotiation and bargaining, where delegates make concessions and trade-offs to arrive at a mutually acceptable resolution. This approach helps to foster a sense of unity and cooperation among the delegates, which is essential for the success of the convention.
Voting and Adoption of Resolutions
Once the deliberation and debate have concluded, the convention moves to the voting process. Delegates cast their votes on the proposed resolutions, either in favor or against. The voting process is often transparent, with the results displayed for all to see.
For a resolution to be adopted, it must receive a majority vote, typically a two-thirds or three-quarters majority, depending on the convention’s rules. In some cases, supermajority votes may be required to ensure that the resolution has broad support across different factions and interest groups.
Once a resolution is adopted, it becomes an official position of the convention, and the delegates can move forward with implementing the agreed-upon measures. The deliberation and decision-making process thus plays a crucial role in shaping the outcomes of US conventions and ensuring that they reflect the diverse perspectives and priorities of the participants.
Notable US Conventions and Their Significance
Constitutional Convention of 1787
Background and Purpose
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 was a pivotal event in American history, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with the aim of addressing the flaws and inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation, the precursor to the United States Constitution. Delegates from 13 states participated in this convention, which was convened in response to growing calls for reform and the need for a more effective system of government.
Key Decisions and Outcomes
During the course of the convention, a number of critical decisions were made, shaping the future of the United States. Some of the most significant outcomes included:
- The drafting of the United States Constitution, which established a federal system of government with a separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
- The inclusion of the Bill of Rights, a set of ten amendments that guaranteed individual liberties and rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press, and the right to bear arms.
- The decision to count a slave as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of representation in Congress, a provision that contributed to the perpetuation of slavery and the institution’s eventual dissolution through the Civil War.
Legacy and Impact
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 had a profound impact on the development of the United States as a nation. The Constitution it produced became the cornerstone of the American political system, and its influence can be seen in the governance of the country to this day. The convention also set a precedent for future conventions, demonstrating the importance of coming together to address pressing issues and chart a course for the future.
Despite the many accomplishments of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, it is important to recognize that the document it produced was not without its flaws, particularly in regards to the treatment of slaves and other marginalized groups. The convention’s legacy continues to be a subject of debate and analysis, as scholars and citizens alike seek to understand the full implications of this significant event in American history.
Louisiana Purchase Convention of 1803
The Louisiana Purchase Convention of 1803 was a significant event in the history of the United States. It was a convention held between the United States government and France, which resulted in the transfer of ownership of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States. The convention was named after the Louisiana Territory, which was a vast region of land that stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada.
The primary purpose of the convention was to acquire the Louisiana Territory for the United States. At the time, the United States was a rapidly growing nation, and the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory would provide the country with much-needed land for expansion. The convention was a crucial step in the development of the United States as a world power.
The Louisiana Purchase Convention of 1803 was a significant event that had far-reaching consequences for the United States. One of the most important decisions made during the convention was the transfer of ownership of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States. This transfer of land more than doubled the size of the United States, and it provided the country with a wealth of natural resources, including fertile land for agriculture, timber for construction, and access to valuable rivers for transportation.
The convention also had important political implications. The acquisition of the Louisiana Territory was a major accomplishment for President Thomas Jefferson, who had made the expansion of the United States a priority during his presidency. The convention also helped to strengthen the relationship between the United States and France, which was an important ally of the United States at the time.
The Louisiana Purchase Convention of 1803 had a profound impact on the United States and its development as a nation. The acquisition of the Louisiana Territory provided the United States with much-needed land for expansion, and it helped to secure the country’s position as a world power. The convention also had important cultural and social implications, as it expanded the United States’ influence over a vast region of land and opened up new opportunities for American settlers.
The legacy of the Louisiana Purchase Convention of 1803 can still be seen in the United States today. The land acquired through the convention is now home to many American cities and towns, and it has provided the United States with a wealth of natural resources that have been vital to the country’s economic growth and development. The convention also set an important precedent for future American expansion, as it demonstrated the country’s ability to acquire land through negotiation and diplomacy rather than military conquest.
Civil War-Era Conventions
Peace Conferences and Treaty Negotiations
During the American Civil War, various peace conferences and treaty negotiations were held to try and bring an end to the conflict. These conferences, which were often held in neutral locations such as Washington D.C. and Niagara Falls, brought together representatives from both the Union and Confederate sides in an attempt to find a resolution. However, these negotiations were often met with resistance and failed to produce any lasting agreements.
Impact on Union and Confederate Strategies
The Civil War-era conventions had a significant impact on the strategies of both the Union and Confederate forces. For the Union, the failure of these negotiations only strengthened their resolve to win the war and preserve the Union. The Confederacy, on the other hand, saw these negotiations as an opportunity to gain recognition and support from foreign powers, and to potentially gain leverage in future negotiations.
Overall, the Civil War-era conventions were a critical aspect of the American Civil War, and their outcomes had a lasting impact on the course of the conflict.
US Conventions in the Modern Era
Party Conventions
Democratic Party Convention
The Democratic Party Convention is a gathering of delegates from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five territories, who come together to nominate the party’s presidential candidate and approve the party’s platform. The convention is typically held every four years, during a presidential election year.
During the convention, delegates will hear from a variety of speakers, including elected officials, party leaders, and everyday Americans who share their stories and experiences. The convention also features a range of entertainment, including musical performances and comedy acts.
One of the main purposes of the convention is to promote the party’s platform, which outlines the party’s policy positions on a range of issues. The platform is developed by a committee of party leaders and activists, and is typically adopted by the convention delegates.
Republican Party Convention
The Republican Party Convention is similar to the Democratic Party Convention, with delegates from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five territories gathering to nominate the party’s presidential candidate and approve the party’s platform.
The Republican Party Convention typically features speeches from party leaders, elected officials, and other notable figures, as well as entertainment and cultural events. Like the Democratic Party Convention, the main purpose of the Republican Party Convention is to promote the party’s platform and policy positions.
Third-Party and Independent Conventions
Third-party and independent conventions are held by political parties and candidates who are not affiliated with the Democratic or Republican parties. These conventions are typically smaller in scale than the major party conventions, and may be held at different times during the election cycle.
Third-party and independent conventions serve a similar purpose as the major party conventions, in that they provide an opportunity for delegates to nominate their party’s presidential candidate and approve the party’s platform. However, these conventions may also be used to build support for the party or candidate, and to promote their policy positions and values.
Special-Purpose Conventions
Constitutional Conventions
Constitutional conventions are gatherings held to discuss and propose changes to a country’s constitution. They can be called by a government or by a group of citizens. These conventions typically involve a diverse range of stakeholders, including lawmakers, legal experts, and citizens. The main goal of a constitutional convention is to reach a consensus on changes that will improve the functioning of the government and protect the rights of citizens.
National Conventions
National conventions are meetings held by political parties to select their candidates for national elections. These conventions typically involve delegates from each state who are chosen by the party’s members. The delegates vote on the party’s platform and choose the party’s candidates for the presidency, senate, and house of representatives. National conventions are important because they give party members a say in the selection of candidates and the party’s platform.
Specialized Conventions
Specialized conventions are gatherings held to discuss specific issues or topics. These conventions can be organized by governments, private organizations, or advocacy groups. They can focus on issues such as technology, healthcare, or education. Specialized conventions provide a platform for experts and stakeholders to discuss and propose solutions to specific problems. They can also help to raise awareness about important issues and promote collaboration among different groups.
The Future of US Conventions: Challenges and Opportunities
Evolving Political Landscape
Shifts in Party Politics
The United States has seen significant shifts in party politics over the past few decades. While the Democratic and Republican parties have traditionally dominated the political landscape, third parties have emerged as viable alternatives for some voters. The rise of the Tea Party movement within the Republican Party and the growing influence of progressive Democrats illustrate the changing dynamics within each party. These shifts can have a profound impact on the nature and tone of US conventions, as parties seek to balance competing factions and appeal to a broader electorate.
Changes in Voter Demographics
Demographic changes in the US population have also influenced the nature of political conventions. As the country becomes more diverse, both parties are working to appeal to a wider range of voters, including those from racial and ethnic minorities, women, and younger generations. This has led to a greater emphasis on inclusivity and diversity within convention programming, as well as efforts to address issues that are particularly important to these groups. As a result, conventions have become more nuanced and complex events that reflect the changing face of American politics.
Technological Advancements and their Impact
Technological advancements have revolutionized the way that political conventions are conducted and experienced. The rise of social media and other digital platforms has allowed for unprecedented levels of engagement and participation, both for attendees and those following the events remotely. Live streaming, virtual reality experiences, and other technological innovations have expanded the reach of conventions beyond the confines of the physical event space, allowing a wider audience to engage with the proceedings. At the same time, these advancements have also introduced new challenges, such as the need to balance traditional in-person events with digital experiences, and the potential for disinformation and misinformation to spread through social media channels. Overall, the impact of technological advancements on US conventions has been significant and far-reaching, transforming the way that political events are conducted and experienced in the digital age.
Adapting to a New Era
As the political landscape continues to evolve, so too must the conventions that play a crucial role in shaping the nation’s political discourse. The future of US conventions will be defined by the delicate balance between maintaining traditional values and embracing innovation and technology. In this section, we will explore the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for US conventions as they adapt to a new era.
Embracing Innovation and Technology
The rapid pace of technological advancement has the potential to revolutionize the way that US conventions are conducted. With the rise of social media and live streaming, the conventions can reach a wider audience than ever before. However, this also means that the conventions must be mindful of the impact that technology can have on the event.
One challenge that the conventions may face is the need to balance the use of technology with the traditional aspects of the event. For example, while live streaming the convention may increase accessibility, it may also detract from the experience of being physically present at the event. As such, it will be important for the conventions to find a balance between embracing technology and maintaining the traditional aspects of the event.
Another challenge that the conventions may face is the need to protect the integrity of the event from potential cyber threats. As technology becomes more integrated into the conventions, it will be important to ensure that the events are secure from potential hacking or other cyber attacks.
Maintaining Traditions and Values
While the conventions must adapt to a new era, it is also important to maintain the traditional values and practices that have defined the events for generations. This includes maintaining the traditional structure of the event, such as the speeches, debates, and other activities that have come to define the conventions.
One challenge that the conventions may face is the need to appeal to a younger, more diverse audience while still maintaining the traditional aspects of the event. This may require a rethinking of the way that the conventions are structured and the content that is presented.
Another challenge that the conventions may face is the need to maintain the integrity of the event in the face of increasing political polarization. As the political landscape becomes more divisive, it will be important for the conventions to maintain a sense of unity and inclusivity.
Balancing Transparency and Accessibility
As the conventions adapt to a new era, it will be important to balance the need for transparency and accessibility with the need to protect the integrity of the event. This may require a rethinking of the way that the conventions are structured and the content that is presented.
One challenge that the conventions may face is the need to provide access to the event for a wider range of people, including those with disabilities and those who may not be able to attend in person. This may require a rethinking of the way that the conventions are structured and the content that is presented.
Another challenge that the conventions may face is the need to protect the integrity of the event from potential leaks or other breaches of confidentiality. As the conventions become more transparent, it will be important to ensure that the events are secure from potential leaks or other breaches of confidentiality.
In conclusion, the future of US conventions will be defined by the delicate balance between maintaining traditional values and embracing innovation and technology. As the conventions adapt to a new era, it will be important to find a balance between these competing demands in order to ensure the continued success and relevance of the events.
FAQs
1. What are US conventions?
US conventions refer to the set of rules, procedures, and customs that govern the operation of political parties in the United States. These conventions are designed to ensure fairness and transparency in the nomination process for presidential candidates.
2. What is the purpose of US conventions?
The primary purpose of US conventions is to nominate a presidential candidate for the general election. The conventions also serve as a platform for party leaders to deliver speeches, outline policy positions, and promote the party’s brand and message.
3. How are US conventions organized?
US conventions are typically organized by the national party committee, which is responsible for planning and executing the event. The convention is made up of delegates, who are chosen by the party’s state affiliates and serve as the official representatives of the party.
4. What happens at a US convention?
At a US convention, delegates listen to speeches by party leaders, vote on the party’s platform, and nominate the presidential candidate. The convention also features a variety of events and activities, such as keynote speakers, cultural performances, and exhibits.
5. How are US conventions different from other political events?
US conventions are unique in that they bring together thousands of delegates from across the country to participate in the nomination process. Unlike other political events, such as debates or rallies, conventions are official party events that are governed by strict rules and procedures.
6. What is the role of the media at US conventions?
The media plays a significant role at US conventions, as they are responsible for covering the events and reporting on the proceedings. Journalists and other members of the media are typically given access to the convention floor and are able to interview delegates and party leaders.
7. What is the significance of US conventions?
US conventions are an important part of the presidential nominating process, as they serve as a stage for candidates to make their case to the American people. The conventions also provide an opportunity for the parties to unite and rally around their nominee, setting the stage for the general election.