The Star Wars franchise is a beloved and iconic series of films, books, and other media that has captured the hearts and imaginations of millions of fans around the world. Known for its epic space battles, memorable characters, and groundbreaking special effects, Star Wars has become a cultural phenomenon that has transcended the realm of science fiction and entered the public consciousness. In this comprehensive exploration, we will delve into the many facets of the Star Wars saga, from its humble beginnings to its current status as a global pop culture sensation. Whether you’re a die-hard fan or a newcomer to the galaxy far, far away, this journey through the Star Wars universe is sure to leave you enthralled and inspired.
The Origins of Star Wars
The Visionary Mind Behind the Galaxy
The visionary mind behind the Star Wars saga was none other than George Lucas, an American filmmaker, and entrepreneur. Born in 1943 in Modesto, California, Lucas showed an early interest in filmmaking and storytelling. He began his career in the film industry as an assistant to Francis Ford Coppola, working on the set of the iconic film “The Godfather.”
Lucas’s fascination with science fiction and classic film genres, such as the epic space operas of the 1950s, heavily influenced the creation of the Star Wars franchise. He sought to combine these influences with his own unique storytelling approach, resulting in a groundbreaking and immensely successful cinematic universe.
The initial concept for Star Wars, initially titled “The Star Wars,” was conceived by Lucas in the early 1970s. He drew inspiration from Akira Kurosawa’s 1958 film “The Hidden Fortress,” which told the story of two bickering peasants who unknowingly assist a general in his quest for power. Lucas adapted this concept, transplanting it to a galaxy far, far away and blending it with elements of American Westerns and the science fiction genre.
The film’s innovative use of groundbreaking visual effects, such as motion control and optical compositing, helped bring Lucas’s vision to life. The combination of cutting-edge special effects and engaging storytelling captivated audiences and forever changed the landscape of cinema.
The Star Wars saga has since become a cultural phenomenon, spanning multiple films, spin-offs, and a vast array of merchandise. George Lucas’s creative vision and tireless dedication to his art have left an indelible mark on the world of film and beyond.
The Making of a Sci-Fi Classic
George Lucas’ Vision
George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, envisioned a film that would capture the essence of classic adventure films and science fiction serials from the 1930s and 1940s. He wanted to create a space opera that would transport audiences to a galaxy far, far away and immerse them in a world of epic battles, daring heroes, and unforgettable villains.
Concept Development
Lucas began developing the concept for Star Wars in the early 1970s, inspired by the works of science fiction authors such as Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers. He initially envisioned the film as a simple space adventure, but as he developed the story, he incorporated elements of mythology, religion, and philosophy, creating a rich and complex universe.
Scriptwriting
Lucas wrote the first draft of the Star Wars script in 1974, which he titled “The Journal of the Whills.” The script underwent numerous revisions over the next few years, with input from friends and colleagues such as Alan Ladd Jr., who would later become the film’s producer.
Pre-Production
In 1975, Lucas formed his own production company, Lucasfilm, and began assembling a team to bring his vision to life. He enlisted concept artist Ralph McQuarrie to create detailed illustrations of the characters and spaceships, which would serve as visual references for the film’s designers and effects artists.
Casting
Lucas assembled a talented cast to bring his characters to life, including Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker, Harrison Ford as Han Solo, and Carrie Fisher as Princess Leia. He also cast veteran actors such as Alec Guinness as Obi-Wan Kenobi and Peter Cushing as Grand Moff Tarkin.
Filming
Principal photography for Star Wars began in March 1976 at the newly built Elstree Studios in England. Lucas used a combination of model shots, miniatures, and matte paintings to create the film’s epic spaceship battles and alien landscapes. He also employed cutting-edge special effects techniques, such as motion control and optical printing, to bring his vision to life.
Post-Production
After filming wrapped in July 1976, Lucas spent several months editing and scoring the film. He enlisted composer John Williams to create the iconic Star Wars theme and score the film’s memorable music cues. Lucas also worked closely with sound designer Ben Burtt to create the film’s distinctive sound effects, including the legendary “voice” of Darth Vader.
Release
Star Wars was released on May 25, 1977, to critical acclaim and box office success. It became a cultural phenomenon, spawning a franchise of films, television shows, books, and merchandise that continues to this day. The making of Star Wars forever changed the landscape of science fiction and fantasy filmmaking, inspiring generations of filmmakers and storytellers to push the boundaries of what was possible on screen.
The Characters of Star Wars
The Heroes of the Rebellion
The heroes of the Rebellion, also known as the Rebel Alliance, are a group of individuals who fight against the tyranny of the Galactic Empire in the Star Wars universe. These heroes come from various planets and backgrounds, each contributing their unique skills and talents to the cause. Here are some of the key heroes of the Rebellion:
- Luke Skywalker: Luke Skywalker is a young farm boy from Tatooine who becomes a powerful Jedi Knight. He is the central protagonist of the original trilogy and is played by Mark Hamill.
- Han Solo: Han Solo is a rogue smuggler who initially works for the Empire but eventually joins the Rebellion. He is a skilled pilot and a master of the Millennium Falcon, which becomes the Rebellion’s most reliable starship. Han Solo is portrayed by Harrison Ford.
- Chewbacca: Chewbacca, or Chewie, is a loyal Wookiee who serves as Han Solo’s co-pilot and best friend. He is a skilled fighter and possesses immense strength, making him a valuable asset to the Rebellion.
- Leia Organa: Leia Organa, also known as Princess Leia, is a strong-willed leader of the Rebellion and a skilled combatant. She is a key figure in the original trilogy and is played by Carrie Fisher.
- C-3PO: C-3PO is a protocol droid who speaks multiple languages and serves as a translator for the Rebellion. He is often accompanied by his fellow droid, R2-D2.
- R2-D2: R2-D2 is an astromech droid who is extremely intelligent and resourceful. He plays a crucial role in the Rebellion by providing vital information and repairs to the Rebel fleet.
- Cassian Andor: Cassian Andor is an intelligence officer for the Rebellion who is instrumental in the mission to steal the Death Star plans. He is portrayed by Diego Luna in the spin-off film, “Rogue One.”
- Finn: Finn is a former stormtrooper who defects to the Rebellion. He becomes a key figure in the Resistance, helping to destroy Starkiller Base in “The Force Awakens.” Finn is portrayed by John Boyega.
- Poe Dameron: Poe Dameron is a skilled pilot and commander in the Resistance. He is played by Oscar Isaac and serves as a key character in the sequel trilogy.
- Kylo Ren: Kylo Ren is a former stormtrooper who becomes a powerful Force user and a member of the First Order. Although he begins as an antagonist, his character evolves throughout the sequel trilogy, and he eventually joins the Resistance. Kylo Ren is portrayed by Adam Driver.
These heroes of the Rebellion embody various strengths and abilities, and they work together to achieve a common goal: the downfall of the Empire and the restoration of freedom to the galaxy. Their individual stories and character arcs contribute to the rich tapestry of the Star Wars saga.
The Villains of the Empire
Darth Vader
Darth Vader, one of the most iconic villains in the Star Wars universe, was once a Jedi Knight named Anakin Skywalker. His fall to the dark side and transformation into a cybernetic monster serves as a cautionary tale of the dangers of fear and the allure of power.
Grand Moff Tarkin
Grand Moff Tarkin, the ruthless governor of the Galactic Empire, is known for his cold and calculated demeanor. He is responsible for the creation of the Death Star, a weapon capable of destroying entire planets, and his willingness to use it to achieve his goals makes him a formidable foe.
Emperor Palpatine
Emperor Palpatine, also known as Darth Sidious, is the mastermind behind the fall of the Old Republic and the rise of the Galactic Empire. He manipulates those around him with his cunning and charisma, using his knowledge of the dark side of the force to maintain his grip on power.
Director Krennic
Director Krennic, the head of the Death Star project, is a brilliant engineer and strategist. He is determined to complete the Death Star, no matter the cost, and will stop at nothing to achieve his goals.
These villains embody the corrupt and tyrannical nature of the Galactic Empire, and their actions drive much of the conflict in the Star Wars saga.
The Epic Battles of Star Wars
The Clash of Lightsabers
The Clash of Lightsabers is a pivotal moment in the Star Wars saga, representing the culmination of years of conflict between the Light and Dark sides of the Force. This battle is characterized by a clash of iconic weapons, the lightsabers wielded by the Jedi and Sith, as well as the epic confrontation between the heroes and villains of the galaxy.
In this section, we will delve into the intricacies of the Clash of Lightsabers, exploring the key characters and events that shaped this iconic moment in the Star Wars universe.
The Jedi and Sith Masters
The Clash of Lightsabers is marked by the confrontation between the Jedi and Sith Masters, who represent the epitome of the Light and Dark sides of the Force. These characters are steeped in centuries of tradition and conflict, and their battle is a testament to the power and influence of the Force.
The Jedi Masters are emblematic of hope, courage, and sacrifice, while the Sith Masters are embodiments of fear, hatred, and ambition. Their opposing ideologies and goals make their clash inevitable, and the outcome of their battle is uncertain, reflecting the precarious balance of the Force.
The Weapons: Lightsabers
The lightsabers wielded by the Jedi and Sith Masters are not mere weapons, but extensions of their will and connection to the Force. These energy swords emit a bright glow, reflecting the color of the Force they represent – blue for the Light side and red for the Dark side.
The lightsabers are capable of cutting through almost any material, making them formidable weapons in battle. The unique properties of the lightsabers, such as their ability to deflect blaster fire, make them iconic symbols of the Star Wars universe.
The Battle: A Symbol of Conflict
The Clash of Lightsabers is more than just a physical battle; it is a symbol of the ongoing conflict between the Light and Dark sides of the Force. The Jedi and Sith Masters represent the epitome of these opposing forces, and their confrontation serves as a microcosm of the larger struggle for control of the galaxy.
The outcome of the battle is never certain, as both sides possess equal strength and skill. However, the Clash of Lightsabers is ultimately a testament to the resilience and determination of the heroes, who fight to preserve the Light and protect the galaxy from the darkness.
In conclusion, the Clash of Lightsabers is a defining moment in the Star Wars saga, encapsulating the essence of the epic battles between the Light and Dark sides of the Force. It is a symbol of the struggle for power and control, as well as a testament to the bravery and sacrifice of the heroes who fight for the greater good.
The Showdown of the Final Frontier
The Showdown of the Final Frontier, also known as the Battle of Endor, was a pivotal moment in the Star Wars saga. It marked the final confrontation between the Rebel Alliance and the Galactic Empire in the original trilogy.
The battle took place on the forest moon of Endor, where the Rebels, led by Han Solo, Leia Organa, and Luke Skywalker, attempted to destroy the second Death Star. The Empire, under the command of Darth Vader and Emperor Palpatine, was determined to stop them.
The Rebels faced numerous challenges during the battle, including navigating the treacherous terrain of the moon and dealing with the deadly creatures that inhabited it. They also had to contend with the Empire’s superior firepower and the presence of elite Imperial troops.
Despite these obstacles, the Rebels were able to succeed in their mission, thanks in part to the help of the native Ewok tribe. The Ewoks, who had initially been wary of the Rebels, ultimately joined forces with them to defeat the Empire.
The Battle of Endor was a significant turning point in the Star Wars saga, marking the beginning of the end for the Empire and the eventual victory of the Rebel Alliance. It also set the stage for the events of the subsequent trilogies, as the conflict between good and evil continued to unfold.
The Influence of Star Wars
A Cultural Phenomenon
Star Wars has had a profound impact on popular culture and has become a part of the cultural fabric of society. It has influenced everything from fashion and toys to literature and art. The film series has inspired countless fan theories, fan fiction, and fan art, showcasing the passion and dedication of its fans. The Star Wars franchise has also inspired a new generation of filmmakers, with many citing it as an influence on their work.
One of the most significant impacts of Star Wars has been on the film industry itself. The groundbreaking visual effects and innovative storytelling techniques used in the original film have become standard in modern cinema. The success of the Star Wars franchise has also led to the development of a new genre of film, known as space opera, which combines elements of science fiction and opera.
In addition to its impact on film, Star Wars has also had a profound impact on the gaming industry. The franchise has inspired numerous video games, including the highly successful “Star Wars: Battlefront” series. The franchise has also spawned a number of mobile games, such as “Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes,” which has become a massive hit among fans.
Furthermore, the Star Wars franchise has also had a significant impact on the world of literature. The series has inspired a wide range of books, including novels, comics, and reference guides. The franchise has also spawned a number of spin-off novels, such as “The Thrawn Trilogy” and “The Han Solo Trilogy,” which have become beloved by fans.
The impact of Star Wars on popular culture has been immense, and its influence can be seen in everything from fashion to literature. The franchise has inspired countless fan theories, fan fiction, and fan art, showcasing the passion and dedication of its fans. It has also had a profound impact on the film, gaming, and literature industries, leading to the development of new genres and styles of storytelling. The franchise continues to be a cultural phenomenon, inspiring new generations of fans and influencing popular culture in ways that are likely to continue for many years to come.
The Lasting Impact on Pop Culture
- Star Wars’ Impact on Film and Storytelling
- Revolutionized science fiction and fantasy genres
- Influenced blockbuster filmmaking and special effects
- Established new narrative techniques, such as the “hero’s journey”
- The Rise of Merchandising and Licensing
- Creation of a massive and lucrative merchandising empire
- Development of iconic and widely recognized characters and designs
- Expansion into various products, including toys, clothing, and collectibles
- The Cultural Phenomenon of Star Wars Fandom
- Fostering of a passionate and dedicated fan base
- Growth of fan communities, conventions, and online platforms
- Influence on generations of filmmakers, writers, and artists
- The Expansion of the Star Wars Universe
- Evolution of the original trilogy into a prequel and sequel trilogy
- Development of spin-off films, animated series, novels, and comics
- Establishment of Star Wars as a transmedia franchise
- The Social and Economic Impact of Star Wars
- Contribution to the growth of the film industry and economy
- Creation of jobs and opportunities in various sectors
- Impact on local economies where productions are filmed
- The Lasting Impact on Pop Culture
- Star Wars’ influence on other films, television shows, and media
- Its impact on popular culture, language, and art
- Its status as a cultural touchstone and iconic part of modern history
The Evolution of Star Wars
The Expanding Universe
The Prequel Trilogy
The Prequel Trilogy, consisting of “Episode I – The Phantom Menace,” “Episode II – Attack of the Clones,” and “Episode III – Revenge of the Sith,” delves into the history of the galaxy before the events of the original trilogy. These films explore the rise of the evil Empire and the fall of the Old Republic, as well as the origins of the iconic characters Anakin Skywalker and Darth Vader.
The Original Trilogy
The Original Trilogy, comprising “Episode IV – A New Hope,” “Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back,” and “Episode VI – Return of the Jedi,” follows the journey of Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, and Han Solo as they fight against the tyrannical Empire. These films are considered the quintessential Star Wars experience, with unforgettable characters, iconic moments, and epic battles.
The Sequel Trilogy
The Sequel Trilogy, consisting of “Episode VII – The Force Awakens,” “Episode VIII – The Last Jedi,” and “Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker,” picks up the story 30 years after the events of the original trilogy. These films introduce new characters like Rey, Finn, and Poe Dameron, while also reintroducing fans to familiar faces like Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa. The Sequel Trilogy explores themes of legacy, the Force, and the ongoing struggle between good and evil in the galaxy.
The Spin-Off Films
The spin-off films, such as “Rogue One: A Star Wars Story” and “Solo: A Star Wars Story,” provide standalone narratives that take place within the Star Wars universe. These films offer unique perspectives on beloved characters and iconic moments, while also introducing new stories and characters that expand the lore of the galaxy far, far away.
The Animated Series and Television Shows
In addition to the live-action films, the Star Wars universe has also expanded to include numerous animated series and television shows. These include “The Clone Wars,” “Rebels,” and “The Mandalorian,” which provide further insights into the rich history and diverse characters of the galaxy.
The Expanding Universe of Star Wars has not only enriched the franchise but has also given fans a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate storylines and characters that make up this iconic world.
The Spinoffs and Sequels
Expanding the Universe: The Rise of Spinoffs
As the Star Wars franchise continued to grow in popularity, Lucasfilm and Disney recognized the potential for expanding the universe beyond the main saga films. In recent years, a number of spinoff movies have been produced, delving into various aspects of the Star Wars universe and introducing new characters and stories.
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story was the first spinoff film to be released, serving as a prequel to the original 1977 film. Set just before the events of A New Hope, the movie follows a group of rebels on a dangerous mission to steal the plans for the Death Star. This film offered a unique perspective on the Star Wars universe, focusing on a group of lesser-known characters and their quest to save the galaxy from the Empire.
Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018)
Solo: A Star Wars Story was the second spinoff film, focusing on the early years of one of the franchise’s most iconic characters, Han Solo. This origin story explores the events that shaped Solo’s life before he became a renowned smuggler and rebel hero. Directed by Ron Howard, the film delves into the criminal underworld of Coruscant and the making of the Millennium Falcon.
The Mandalorian (2019-Present)
While not a film, The Mandalorian is a critically acclaimed television series set after the fall of the Empire and before the emergence of the First Order. The show follows a lone bounty hunter, known only as “the Mandalorian,” as he navigates the galaxy in search of his next target. The series has been praised for its stunning visuals, engaging storyline, and the introduction of fan-favorite characters like Baby Yoda.
Upcoming Spinoffs
In the coming years, several more spinoffs are set to be released, including Obi-Wan Kenobi, a series focused on the Jedi Master during his exile on Tatooine between Revenge of the Sith and A New Hope; and The Book of Boba Fett, a spin-off of The Mandalorian that will explore the life of the iconic bounty hunter after the events of the first season.
The Sequel Trilogy: Continuing the Saga
Alongside the spinoffs, the main saga films continue to be released, with the sequel trilogy picking up where the original trilogy left off. The first film in this series, The Force Awakens (2015), introduced a new generation of heroes, including Rey, Finn, and Poe Dameron, while also reintroducing beloved characters like Han Solo and Leia Organa.
The Last Jedi (2017)
The Last Jedi (2017) continued the story, with the Resistance facing an all-out assault from the First Order. The film saw the growth of the new characters, as well as the final appearance of Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker. The movie was met with both praise and criticism for its bold narrative choices and its treatment of the franchise’s legacy.
The Rise of Skywalker (2019)
The Rise of Skywalker brought the sequel trilogy to a close, as the Resistance, now led by General Leia Organa, faced the full power of the resurgent Empire. The film aimed to conclude the storylines introduced in the previous two films, while also paying homage to the original trilogy.
With the release of these spinoffs and sequels, the Star Wars universe continues to expand and evolve, offering new stories and perspectives for fans to explore and enjoy.
The Future of Star Wars
The Next Generation of Storytelling
The future of Star Wars holds great promise for fans of the franchise, as the next generation of storytelling takes center stage. This new era of Star Wars promises to be a dynamic and diverse blend of traditional and modern storytelling techniques, delivering a cinematic experience that will captivate audiences for years to come.
The Importance of Diversity in Storytelling
Diversity is a critical component of the next generation of Star Wars storytelling. By embracing a diverse range of voices and perspectives, the franchise is poised to expand its narrative horizons and deliver a more inclusive and representative viewing experience. This includes not only the stories themselves, but also the characters and creators behind them, ensuring that the Star Wars universe remains a welcoming and accessible space for all.
The Intersection of Traditional and Modern Storytelling
The next generation of Star Wars storytelling will also explore the intersection of traditional and modern storytelling techniques. By embracing the latest technological advancements while still honoring the rich history and legacy of the franchise, the Star Wars universe will continue to evolve and grow in exciting new ways. From virtual reality experiences to innovative cinematic techniques, the possibilities for storytelling in the Star Wars universe are endless.
The Continuation of Iconic Characters and New Additions
Finally, the next generation of Star Wars storytelling will see the continuation of iconic characters and the introduction of new and exciting additions to the franchise. This includes not only the return of beloved characters like Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader, but also the introduction of fresh faces and compelling narratives that will shape the future of the Star Wars universe. By striking a delicate balance between nostalgia and innovation, the next generation of Star Wars promises to be a thrilling and unpredictable journey for fans of all ages.
The Continuing Legacy of a Galaxy Far, Far Away
Since its inception, the Star Wars franchise has captivated audiences worldwide, with its rich storytelling, memorable characters, and groundbreaking special effects. The saga, spanning multiple films, television series, novels, and other media, has left an indelible mark on popular culture. The enduring appeal of Star Wars can be attributed to its ability to tap into universal themes and archetypes, as well as its innovative approach to science fiction and fantasy storytelling.
One of the key factors contributing to the ongoing legacy of Star Wars is its commitment to exploring complex moral and philosophical issues. Through its portrayal of the eternal struggle between good and evil, the saga encourages viewers to consider the consequences of their actions and the importance of empathy, compassion, and selflessness. By presenting a diverse cast of characters grappling with their own personal journeys, Star Wars offers a microcosm of the human experience, reflecting the hopes, fears, and desires that unite us all.
Furthermore, the Star Wars franchise has served as a catalyst for technological innovation and creative expression. The pioneering use of computer-generated imagery and sound design in the original trilogy paved the way for a new era of cinematic storytelling, inspiring countless filmmakers and artists to push the boundaries of what is possible. The saga’s influence can be seen in numerous aspects of popular culture, from video games and theme parks to fashion and collectibles, demonstrating its enduring power and appeal.
As the franchise continues to evolve and expand, it remains committed to exploring new ideas and concepts while staying true to the core themes and values that have defined it since its inception. With the introduction of new characters, stories, and worlds, Star Wars will undoubtedly continue to captivate audiences for generations to come, ensuring its place as a beloved and iconic part of the cultural landscape.
FAQs
1. What is Star Wars?
Star Wars is a science fiction movie series created by George Lucas. It consists of a complex narrative that includes movies, TV series, novels, comics, and video games. The first movie was released in 1977 and since then, it has become a worldwide phenomenon.
2. What is Star Wars famous for?
Star Wars is famous for its iconic characters, such as Luke Skywalker, Darth Vader, and Princess Leia, as well as its groundbreaking special effects, innovative storytelling, and imaginative world-building. The franchise has also become famous for its merchandise, including action figures, toys, and collectibles.
3. What is the plot of Star Wars?
The plot of Star Wars revolves around a struggle between good and evil in a galaxy far, far away. The main characters are members of the Rebel Alliance, who are fighting against the evil Galactic Empire. The Empire is led by the powerful Sith Lord Darth Vader, who is determined to crush the Rebel Alliance and maintain control over the galaxy.
4. Who are the main characters in Star Wars?
The main characters in Star Wars include Luke Skywalker, a young farm boy who becomes a powerful Jedi Knight; Princess Leia, a strong and independent leader of the Rebel Alliance; Han Solo, a rogue smuggler who becomes an unlikely hero; and Chewbacca, a loyal Wookiee who accompanies Solo on his adventures.
5. What are the different movies in the Star Wars franchise?
The Star Wars franchise includes nine movies, which are divided into three trilogies. The original trilogy consists of the first three movies: Episode IV – A New Hope (1977), Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (1980), and Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (1983). The prequel trilogy consists of Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999), Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002), and Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005). The sequel trilogy consists of Episode VII – The Force Awakens (2015), Episode VIII – The Last Jedi (2017), and Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker (2019).
6. Are there any TV series in the Star Wars franchise?
Yes, there are several TV series in the Star Wars franchise, including The Clone Wars (2008-2014), Rebels (2014-2018), and The Mandalorian (2019-present). These series explore different aspects of the Star Wars universe and provide additional context for the movies.
7. What is the Star Wars expanded universe?
The Star Wars expanded universe, also known as the Legends continuity, is a collection of novels, comics, and other media that expand on the Star Wars universe beyond the movies. It includes many different stories and characters that are not part of the main Star Wars canon. However, with the release of the sequel trilogy, the expanded universe has been declared non-canonical, and its stories are no longer considered part of the official Star Wars narrative.
8. What are some of the most iconic moments in Star Wars?
Some of the most iconic moments in Star Wars include the first reveal of Darth Vader’s mask, the Death Star’s destruction of the planet Alderaan, the lightsaber duel between Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader, and the Battle of Endor. These moments have become iconic and have influenced popular culture in many ways.
9. What is the significance of the Force in Star Wars?
The Force is a metaphysical energy field that permeates the galaxy and binds